NSO/NCW Survey: Obstacles to the Participation of Women in Decision-Making Positions
This survey was carried out by the National Statistics Office on behalf of the National Council of Women in collaboration with NCW Vice-President Grace Attard. It was conducted amongst a sample of 1,432 persons aged 18 and over, of which 1,004 or 82.6 per cent accepted to respond. Of the respondents, 51.0 per cent were women and 49.5 per cent were gainfully occupied.
The questionnaire covered a number of topics relating to women in the work-place, such as prospects for promotion and obstacles in being promoted, as well as opinions on the balance of men and women in parliament and local councils.
Prospects for promotion
The majority of respondents felt that they have a considerable or high level of decision-making power in their job. For women, 32.9 per cent said that they have a considerable level and 28.0 per cent said that they have a high level of decision-making power, while for men these figures stood at 25.9 per cent and 34.2 per cent respectively.
When it comes to promotion, men were on the whole more interested in being promoted than women. It was also found that, for married persons, 56.5 per cent of men and 49.4 per cent of women were interested in a promotion, whereas with single persons it was the women who showed more interest. Interest in being promoted at work increases with level of education attained, and decreases with years of experience in current line of work and with age. When it comes to the reason for wanting a promotion, 69.0 per cent of respondents said an increase in salary, although the percentage of men who selected this reason was greater. Women tend to seek more job satisfaction than men, as 35.7 per cent of women cited this reason for wanting a promotion, as opposed to 23.1 per cent of men.
When asked if they thought that they would be getting a promotion in their current job at some point in the future, 57.9 per cent of men and 53.9 per cent of women thought that this was likely. This was also the case for 61.6 per cent of single persons and 54.5 per cent of married persons. In the case of married persons, 31.9 per cent of men and 26.5 per cent of women thought that they will be promoted. However, 41.2 per cent of employees who thought that they will be getting a promotion do not know when this will happen. Chances for promotion were also perceived to decrease with age, with older respondents feeling that they have less of a chance for promotion. In fact, 30.8 per cent of persons aged 55 and over thought that they would be getting a promotion, as opposed to 54.9 per cent of persons aged 18-24 and 68.1 per cent aged 25-34.
Obstacles
When it comes to obstacles facing women in obtaining a decision-making or managerial post, 45.5 per cent of women and 38.0 per cent of men viewed age as an obstacle. 75.8 per cent of women also felt that long hours are an obstacle. 30.1 per cent of the total respondents thought that the fact that a person is a woman would put her at a disadvantage in order to obtain a decision-making or managerial post. More women than men felt that lack of support from their partner and/or family could be an obstacle for them.
Balance between men and women
12.2 per cent of men did not think that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament, whilst only 4.1 per cent of women felt the same way. 86.1 per cent of single and 80.0 per cent of married women thought that there should be a balance in parliament; whereas for men these figures stood at 62.7 per cent for single and 68.1 per cent for married. Of the persons who believed there should be a balance between men and women in parliament, 40.6 per cent said that it is the right of both sexes; this answer was given by 44.6 per cent of men and 37.6 percent of women. A further 28.8 per cent said that men and women complement each other, while another reason given - more common with women - was that women have leadership skills. The main reason for not believing that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament was that men are more suitable. Also worth noting is that 15.0 per cent of men who think that there should not be a balance feel that women should look after the family, while 14.3 per cent of women who said there should not be a balance said that women have no time.
More respondents felt that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils than in parliament; this was mainly due to a shift in the answers given by male respondents. Again, more single women than married ones (87.7 per cent and 81.2 per cent respectively) thought that there should be a balance, while this was the other way round for men (64.7 per cent for single and 73.1 per cent for married). The reasons given for believing there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils were the same as those for parliament, namely, that it is the right of both sexes (43.0%) and men and women complement each other (29.0%). Once again, the largest proportion - 32.8 per cent - of persons who said that there should not be a balance said that this is because men are more suitable.
When voting in local council elections, 85.6 per cent of the respondents said that they do not consider gender a determining factor. Those respondents who would prefer to vote for a man mostly said that this is because men are more suitable for the post, while the majority of those who would prefer a woman said that women are just as capable as men.
Three-fourths of respondents said that the gender of the next president of Malta does not make any difference to them. 14.5 per cent would prefer a woman, and 9.0 per cent would prefer a man. Nearly all of the respondents preferring a man said that men are more suitable, and 56.8 per cent of those preferring a woman said that women are as capable as men. A further 21.2 per cent of respondents felt that women should be given the opportunity. This survey was carried out by the National Statistics Office on behalf of the National Council of Women. It was conducted amongst a sample of 1,432 persons aged 18 and over, of which 1,004 or 82.6 per cent accepted to respond. Of the respondents, 51.0 per cent were women and 49.5 per cent were gainfully occupied.
The questionnaire covered a number of topics relating to women in the work-place, such as prospects for promotion and obstacles in being promoted, as well as opinions on the balance of men and women in parliament and local councils.
Prospects for promotion
The majority of respondents felt that they have a considerable or high level of decision-making power in their job. For women, 32.9 per cent said that they have a considerable level and 28.0 per cent said that they have a high level of decision-making power, while for men these figures stood at 25.9 per cent and 34.2 per cent respectively.
When it comes to promotion, men were on the whole more interested in being promoted than women. It was also found that, for married persons, 56.5 per cent of men and 49.4 per cent of women were interested in a promotion, whereas with single persons it was the women who showed more interest. Interest in being promoted at work increases with level of education attained, and decreases with years of experience in current line of work and with age. When it comes to the reason for wanting a promotion, 69.0 per cent of respondents said an increase in salary, although the percentage of men who selected this reason was greater. Women tend to seek more job satisfaction than men, as 35.7 per cent of women cited this reason for wanting a promotion, as opposed to 23.1 per cent of men.
When asked if they thought that they would be getting a promotion in their current job at some point in the future, 57.9 per cent of men and 53.9 per cent of women thought that this was likely. This was also the case for 61.6 per cent of single persons and 54.5 per cent of married persons. In the case of married persons, 31.9 per cent of men and 26.5 per cent of women thought that they will be promoted. However, 41.2 per cent of employees who thought that they will be getting a promotion do not know when this will happen. Chances for promotion were also perceived to decrease with age, with older respondents feeling that they have less of a chance for promotion. In fact, 30.8 per cent of persons aged 55 and over thought that they would be getting a promotion, as opposed to 54.9 per cent of persons aged 18-24 and 68.1 per cent aged 25-34.
Obstacles
When it comes to obstacles facing women in obtaining a decision-making or managerial post, 45.5 per cent of women and 38.0 per cent of men viewed age as an obstacle. 75.8 per cent of women also felt that long hours are an obstacle. 30.1 per cent of the total respondents thought that the fact that a person is a woman would put her at a disadvantage in order to obtain a decision-making or managerial post. More women than men felt that lack of support from their partner and/or family could be an obstacle for them.
Balance between men and women
12.2 per cent of men did not think that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament, whilst only 4.1 per cent of women felt the same way. 86.1 per cent of single and 80.0 per cent of married women thought that there should be a balance in parliament; whereas for men these figures stood at 62.7 per cent for single and 68.1 per cent for married. Of the persons who believed there should be a balance between men and women in parliament, 40.6 per cent said that it is the right of both sexes; this answer was given by 44.6 per cent of men and 37.6 percent of women. A further 28.8 per cent said that men and women complement each other, while another reason given - more common with women - was that women have leadership skills. The main reason for not believing that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament was that men are more suitable. Also worth noting is that 15.0 per cent of men who think that there should not be a balance feel that women should look after the family, while 14.3 per cent of women who said there should not be a balance said that women have no time.
More respondents felt that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils than in parliament; this was mainly due to a shift in the answers given by male respondents. Again, more single women than married ones (87.7 per cent and 81.2 per cent respectively) thought that there should be a balance, while this was the other way round for men (64.7 per cent for single and 73.1 per cent for married). The reasons given for believing there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils were the same as those for parliament, namely, that it is the right of both sexes (43.0%) and men and women complement each other (29.0%). Once again, the largest proportion - 32.8 per cent - of persons who said that there should not be a balance said that this is because men are more suitable.
When voting in local council elections, 85.6 per cent of the respondents said that they do not consider gender a determining factor. Those respondents who would prefer to vote for a man mostly said that this is because men are more suitable for the post, while the majority of those who would prefer a woman said that women are just as capable as men.
Three-fourths of respondents said that the gender of the next president of Malta does not make any difference to them. 14.5 per cent would prefer a woman, and 9.0 per cent would prefer a man. Nearly all of the respondents preferring a man said that men are more suitable, and 56.8 per cent of those preferring a woman said that women are as capable as men. A further 21.2 per cent of respondents felt that women should be given the opportunity. This survey was carried out by the National Statistics Office on behalf of the National Council of Women. It was conducted amongst a sample of 1,432 persons aged 18 and over, of which 1,004 or 82.6 per cent accepted to respond. Of the respondents, 51.0 per cent were women and 49.5 per cent were gainfully occupied.
The questionnaire covered a number of topics relating to women in the work-place, such as prospects for promotion and obstacles in being promoted, as well as opinions on the balance of men and women in parliament and local councils.
Prospects for promotion
The majority of respondents felt that they have a considerable or high level of decision-making power in their job. For women, 32.9 per cent said that they have a considerable level and 28.0 per cent said that they have a high level of decision-making power, while for men these figures stood at 25.9 per cent and 34.2 per cent respectively.
When it comes to promotion, men were on the whole more interested in being promoted than women. It was also found that, for married persons, 56.5 per cent of men and 49.4 per cent of women were interested in a promotion, whereas with single persons it was the women who showed more interest. Interest in being promoted at work increases with level of education attained, and decreases with years of experience in current line of work and with age. When it comes to the reason for wanting a promotion, 69.0 per cent of respondents said an increase in salary, although the percentage of men who selected this reason was greater. Women tend to seek more job satisfaction than men, as 35.7 per cent of women cited this reason for wanting a promotion, as opposed to 23.1 per cent of men.
When asked if they thought that they would be getting a promotion in their current job at some point in the future, 57.9 per cent of men and 53.9 per cent of women thought that this was likely. This was also the case for 61.6 per cent of single persons and 54.5 per cent of married persons. In the case of married persons, 31.9 per cent of men and 26.5 per cent of women thought that they will be promoted. However, 41.2 per cent of employees who thought that they will be getting a promotion do not know when this will happen. Chances for promotion were also perceived to decrease with age, with older respondents feeling that they have less of a chance for promotion. In fact, 30.8 per cent of persons aged 55 and over thought that they would be getting a promotion, as opposed to 54.9 per cent of persons aged 18-24 and 68.1 per cent aged 25-34.
Obstacles
When it comes to obstacles facing women in obtaining a decision-making or managerial post, 45.5 per cent of women and 38.0 per cent of men viewed age as an obstacle. 75.8 per cent of women also felt that long hours are an obstacle. 30.1 per cent of the total respondents thought that the fact that a person is a woman would put her at a disadvantage in order to obtain a decision-making or managerial post. More women than men felt that lack of support from their partner and/or family could be an obstacle for them.
Balance between men and women
12.2 per cent of men did not think that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament, whilst only 4.1 per cent of women felt the same way. 86.1 per cent of single and 80.0 per cent of married women thought that there should be a balance in parliament; whereas for men these figures stood at 62.7 per cent for single and 68.1 per cent for married. Of the persons who believed there should be a balance between men and women in parliament, 40.6 per cent said that it is the right of both sexes; this answer was given by 44.6 per cent of men and 37.6 percent of women. A further 28.8 per cent said that men and women complement each other, while another reason given - more common with women - was that women have leadership skills. The main reason for not believing that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament was that men are more suitable. Also worth noting is that 15.0 per cent of men who think that there should not be a balance feel that women should look after the family, while 14.3 per cent of women who said there should not be a balance said that women have no time.
More respondents felt that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils than in parliament; this was mainly due to a shift in the answers given by male respondents. Again, more single women than married ones (87.7 per cent and 81.2 per cent respectively) thought that there should be a balance, while this was the other way round for men (64.7 per cent for single and 73.1 per cent for married). The reasons given for believing there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils were the same as those for parliament, namely, that it is the right of both sexes (43.0%) and men and women complement each other (29.0%). Once again, the largest proportion - 32.8 per cent - of persons who said that there should not be a balance said that this is because men are more suitable.
When voting in local council elections, 85.6 per cent of the respondents said that they do not consider gender a determining factor. Those respondents who would prefer to vote for a man mostly said that this is because men are more suitable for the post, while the majority of those who would prefer a woman said that women are just as capable as men.
Three-fourths of respondents said that the gender of the next president of Malta does not make any difference to them. 14.5 per cent would prefer a woman, and 9.0 per cent would prefer a man. Nearly all of the respondents preferring a man said that men are more suitable, and 56.8 per cent of those preferring a woman said that women are as capable as men. A further 21.2 per cent of respondents felt that women should be given the opportunity. This survey was carried out by the National Statistics Office on behalf of the National Council of Women. It was conducted amongst a sample of 1,432 persons aged 18 and over, of which 1,004 or 82.6 per cent accepted to respond. Of the respondents, 51.0 per cent were women and 49.5 per cent were gainfully occupied.
The questionnaire covered a number of topics relating to women in the work-place, such as prospects for promotion and obstacles in being promoted, as well as opinions on the balance of men and women in parliament and local councils.
Prospects for promotion
The majority of respondents felt that they have a considerable or high level of decision-making power in their job. For women, 32.9 per cent said that they have a considerable level and 28.0 per cent said that they have a high level of decision-making power, while for men these figures stood at 25.9 per cent and 34.2 per cent respectively.
When it comes to promotion, men were on the whole more interested in being promoted than women. It was also found that, for married persons, 56.5 per cent of men and 49.4 per cent of women were interested in a promotion, whereas with single persons it was the women who showed more interest. Interest in being promoted at work increases with level of education attained, and decreases with years of experience in current line of work and with age. When it comes to the reason for wanting a promotion, 69.0 per cent of respondents said an increase in salary, although the percentage of men who selected this reason was greater. Women tend to seek more job satisfaction than men, as 35.7 per cent of women cited this reason for wanting a promotion, as opposed to 23.1 per cent of men.
When asked if they thought that they would be getting a promotion in their current job at some point in the future, 57.9 per cent of men and 53.9 per cent of women thought that this was likely. This was also the case for 61.6 per cent of single persons and 54.5 per cent of married persons. In the case of married persons, 31.9 per cent of men and 26.5 per cent of women thought that they will be promoted. However, 41.2 per cent of employees who thought that they will be getting a promotion do not know when this will happen. Chances for promotion were also perceived to decrease with age, with older respondents feeling that they have less of a chance for promotion. In fact, 30.8 per cent of persons aged 55 and over thought that they would be getting a promotion, as opposed to 54.9 per cent of persons aged 18-24 and 68.1 per cent aged 25-34.
Obstacles
When it comes to obstacles facing women in obtaining a decision-making or managerial post, 45.5 per cent of women and 38.0 per cent of men viewed age as an obstacle. 75.8 per cent of women also felt that long hours are an obstacle. 30.1 per cent of the total respondents thought that the fact that a person is a woman would put her at a disadvantage in order to obtain a decision-making or managerial post. More women than men felt that lack of support from their partner and/or family could be an obstacle for them.
Balance between men and women
12.2 per cent of men did not think that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament, whilst only 4.1 per cent of women felt the same way. 86.1 per cent of single and 80.0 per cent of married women thought that there should be a balance in parliament; whereas for men these figures stood at 62.7 per cent for single and 68.1 per cent for married. Of the persons who believed there should be a balance between men and women in parliament, 40.6 per cent said that it is the right of both sexes; this answer was given by 44.6 per cent of men and 37.6 percent of women. A further 28.8 per cent said that men and women complement each other, while another reason given - more common with women - was that women have leadership skills. The main reason for not believing that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in parliament was that men are more suitable. Also worth noting is that 15.0 per cent of men who think that there should not be a balance feel that women should look after the family, while 14.3 per cent of women who said there should not be a balance said that women have no time.
More respondents felt that there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils than in parliament; this was mainly due to a shift in the answers given by male respondents. Again, more single women than married ones (87.7 per cent and 81.2 per cent respectively) thought that there should be a balance, while this was the other way round for men (64.7 per cent for single and 73.1 per cent for married). The reasons given for believing there should be a balance between the number of men and women in local councils were the same as those for parliament, namely, that it is the right of both sexes (43.0%) and men and women complement each other (29.0%). Once again, the largest proportion - 32.8 per cent - of persons who said that there should not be a balance said that this is because men are more suitable.
When voting in local council elections, 85.6 per cent of the respondents said that they do not consider gender a determining factor. Those respondents who would prefer to vote for a man mostly said that this is because men are more suitable for the post, while the majority of those who would prefer a woman said that women are just as capable as men.
Three-fourths of respondents said that the gender of the next president of Malta does not make any difference to them. 14.5 per cent would prefer a woman, and 9.0 per cent would prefer a man. Nearly all of the respondents preferring a man said that men are more suitable, and 56.8 per cent of those preferring a woman said that women are as capable as men. A further 21.2 per cent of respondents felt that women should be given the opportunity.
NCW Vice-President, Grace Attard, who worked with NSO on this study, stated that the findings are crucial to the formulation of focused strategies towards increasing the participation rates of women in decision-making positions. The role of education in addressing stereotype attitudes of both men and women is one of the key areas that requires particular attention. Later on this year, NCW will be holding a conference where the results of the study will be discussed with all stakeholders. Proposals and recommendations towards bringing about the necessary changes will also be made